Immunity And Types
Immunity And Types
The ability of the body (host) to fight against the disease causing agent is called immunity. It is of two types:-
(1) Innate Immunity :
It refers to all the defense elements with which an individual is born and always available to protect the body. It is a non-specific type of defense system.
(i) It is present from the time of birth and inherited from parents.
(ii) It consists of four types of barrier system that prevent the entry of pathogen or foreign element into the body.
Types of Barriers in Innate Immunity:-
Various types of barriers are as follows :-
(i) Physical Barriers Skin is the first line of defense :- It prevents the entry of the pathogens of the body. Mucus coating of the epithelium lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts also help in trapping microbes.
(ii) Physiological Barriers :- Acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth, tears from the eyes, etc., prevent the growth of microbes.
(iii) Cellular Barrier :- Special types of cells in our body, which kill the disease causing agents. Example are WBCS, (leukocytes) Polymorpho Nuclear Leukocytes (PMNL-neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, etc.)
(iv) Cytokine Barrier Cells which are virus-infected, release types of protein called interferons. Interferons the uninfected cells from further infection.
(2) Acquired Immunity
It is pathogen specific and is not present from the birth and develops during an individual's lifetime.
This type of immunity is acquired after the birth, either by contracting the disease or by vaccination.
It has the following characters :-
(i) Specificity :-It has the ability to distinguish many different foreign molecules accordingly.
(ii) Memory :- It is a unique feature, which helps in producing an intensive response when the pathogen attacks the second time.
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